Spring Steel
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Medium-to-high carbon steel with high yield strength, allowing it to flex repeatedly under load and return to its original shape.
Spring steels are designed to store and release energy elastically, returning to their original shape after significant deflection. They require high yield strength, fatigue resistance, and elastic limit. Applications range from automotive suspension springs weighing 10 kg to watch hairsprings measuring 0.02 mm in diameter.
Designation Guide
Common spring steel grades include AISI 1074/1075 (plain carbon), 5160 (chromium), 9260 (silicon-manganese), and 6150 (chromium-vanadium). Wire spring grades include music wire (ASTM A228), oil-tempered wire (ASTM A229), and chrome-vanadium wire (ASTM A231). For stainless spring applications, 17-7PH and 302 are common choices.
Selection Tips
For leaf springs and coil springs in automotive applications, 5160 provides the best combination of hardenability and fatigue life. For small precision springs, music wire (ASTM A228) offers the highest tensile strength in fine gauges. In corrosive environments, consider stainless 17-7PH or Inconel X-750 for elevated temperature springs. Shot peening improves fatigue life by 200-500% for all spring grades.