Electrical Conductivity

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Physical Properties

Definition

A measure of how well a material conducts electric current, typically expressed as a percentage of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) or in S/m. Higher conductivity means lower electrical resistance.

Detailed Explanation

Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals (106% IACS), followed closely by copper (100% IACS) and gold (70% IACS). Aluminum, at about 61% IACS, is used in power transmission lines due to its lower density and cost. Alloying elements such as iron, manganese, and zinc significantly reduce the conductivity of copper and aluminum.