Extrusion

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Manufacturing Processes

Definition

A metal forming process in which a billet is forced through a die orifice under compressive pressure, producing a continuous product with a fixed cross-sectional profile. Aluminum, copper, and titanium are commonly extruded.

Detailed Explanation

Direct (forward) extrusion pushes the billet forward through the die, while indirect (backward) extrusion moves the die into the stationary billet. Hot extrusion is used for aluminum structural profiles (window frames, aerospace stringers), copper tubes, and titanium bars, taking advantage of the metal's reduced flow stress at elevated temperature. Cold extrusion of steel can achieve close tolerances and improved surface finish for automotive components such as gear blanks and fasteners.