Crystal Structure

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Metallurgy Fundamentals

Definition

The ordered, periodic three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a solid metal, described by a unit cell that repeats throughout the lattice. The most common metallic crystal structures are face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP).

Detailed Explanation

FCC metals such as copper, aluminum, austenitic stainless steel, and nickel have 12 slip systems and are generally ductile. BCC metals such as ferritic iron, tungsten, and chromium have fewer close-packed planes and tend to be stronger but less ductile, especially at low temperatures. HCP metals such as zinc, magnesium, and titanium have limited slip systems, leading to lower ductility and anisotropic deformation behavior.