Alloying Element
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Composition & Alloying
Definition
A chemical element intentionally added to a base metal to alter its mechanical, physical, or chemical properties. Common alloying elements include chromium, nickel, manganese, and molybdenum.
Detailed Explanation
Chromium added to steel at levels above 10.5 wt% creates a passive oxide layer that imparts corrosion resistance, forming stainless steel. Nickel stabilizes the austenite phase and improves low-temperature toughness, while molybdenum enhances pitting resistance and high-temperature strength. The effects of alloying elements are cumulative and can interact, requiring careful compositional design.