Elongation
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Mechanical Properties
Definition
The percentage increase in gauge length of a tensile specimen at the point of fracture, used as a measure of ductility. Higher elongation indicates a more ductile material.
Detailed Explanation
Elongation is calculated as ((final length - original length) / original length) × 100%. Annealed copper can exhibit elongation values above 40%, while high-strength tool steels may show less than 5%. Materials with high elongation can absorb significant energy before failure, making them suitable for applications requiring formability or impact resistance.