Charpy Impact Test
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Testing & Standards
Definition
A standardized impact test in which a notched specimen is struck by a swinging pendulum hammer, measuring the energy absorbed during fracture in joules. It assesses the toughness and notch sensitivity of a material.
Detailed Explanation
The Charpy test uses a V-notch or U-notch specimen (10×10×55 mm per ISO 148) and is particularly useful for evaluating the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of steels at different temperatures. Structural steels for Arctic service or cryogenic applications must meet minimum Charpy energy requirements at temperatures as low as −60°C. The test is widely specified in pressure vessel (ASME), pipeline (API), and structural steel (EN) codes.