Solid Solution

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Composition & Alloying

Definition

A single-phase microstructure in which atoms of one or more solute elements are dissolved within the crystal lattice of a solvent metal, either substitutionally or interstitially.

Detailed Explanation

In a substitutional solid solution, solute atoms replace host atoms in the lattice, as in copper-nickel alloys which are completely miscible across all compositions. In an interstitial solid solution, smaller atoms (e.g., carbon in iron) occupy spaces between the host atoms. Solid solution strengthening occurs because solute atoms distort the lattice and impede dislocation motion, increasing strength and hardness.