Casting
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Manufacturing Processes
Definition
A manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured into a mold cavity of the desired shape and allowed to solidify, producing a near-net-shape component. Casting can produce complex geometries that are difficult to achieve by other processes.
Detailed Explanation
Common casting methods include sand casting (low cost, suitable for large parts), die casting (high production rates, good surface finish, limited to non-ferrous alloys), investment casting (high precision and complexity), and continuous casting (used for producing steel slabs, billets, and blooms). Casting defects such as porosity, shrinkage, and hot tears must be controlled through careful mold and process design.