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Structural Steel

Construction

Alloys rolled into beams, columns, and load-bearing frameworks for buildings and bridges. Structural steel must meet minimum yield strength requirements while maintaining ductility for seismic resistance and ease of fabrication.

Construction is the largest consumer of steel globally, accounting for over 50% of world steel production. From reinforcing bars in concrete foundations to structural beams in skyscrapers, metal alloys provide the skeletal framework of modern infrastructure. The shift toward sustainable building practices is driving demand for longer-lasting, recyclable, and lower-carbon alloys.

Material Requirements

Construction alloys must provide predictable mechanical properties for structural calculations, weldability in field conditions, fire resistance (maintaining 60% strength at 600 °C), corrosion resistance over 50-100 year design lives, and compliance with building codes (AISC, Eurocode 3). Seismic zones require high ductility and energy absorption capacity. Cost and local availability remain primary selection factors.

Key Alloys

Structural carbon steels A36 and A992 form the backbone of building frames. Weathering steel (Corten A/B) develops a protective rust patina, eliminating the need for paint in bridges and facades. Stainless steel 316L is specified for coastal and chemical environments. Aluminum 6063-T5 is the standard for window frames and curtain walls. Rebar grades 60 and 75 (ASTM A706) provide earthquake-resistant reinforcement.

Future Trends

Green steel produced with hydrogen reduction (H-DRI) is reducing the carbon footprint of structural steel by up to 95%. Duplex stainless steels offer twice the strength of austenitic grades, enabling thinner sections. 3D-printed steel nodes are enabling free-form architectural geometries, and self-healing concrete with embedded shape-memory alloy fibers is extending infrastructure lifespans.

Geeignete Legierungen

Legierung Grundmetall Eignung
Werkstoff 1.0570 — St52-3 nach DIN 17100, Äquivalente und Eigenschaften Steel
Werkstoff 1.7147 — Einsatzstahl 20MnCr5, Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung Steel
Werkstoff 1.7225 — 42CrMo4 +QT, Zusammensetzung, Äquivalente, Eigenschaften Steel
20CrMo — Äquivalente, chemische Zusammensetzung, mechanische Eigenschaften Steel
25CrMo — chemische Zusammensetzung, mechanische Eigenschaften, Äquivalente Steel
2Cr13 vs 3Cr13 Steel, What is the Difference? Compared Steel
30CrMo — Äquivalente, chemische Zusammensetzung, mechanische Eigenschaften Steel
35CrMo Vergütungsstahl — Zusammensetzung, mechanische Eigenschaften, Äquivalente Steel
40CrNiMo / 40CrNiMoA — Äquivalente, Zusammensetzung, Eigenschaften Steel
40Cr Steel Equivalent, Mechanical Properties & Chemical Composition Steel
42CrMoS4 +QT (Werkstoff 1.7227) — 42CrMoS4V, Eigenschaften, Zusammensetzung, Härte Steel
42CrMo — Äquivalente, chemische Zusammensetzung, mechanische Eigenschaften Steel
(SK85) SK5 Carbon Steel Properties, Composition & Equivalent Steel
A2 Tool Steel Properties A2 Material Heat Treat, Hardness, Tensile Yield Strength Steel
AISI 12L14 Steel Properties – SAE 12L14 Carbon Steel Equivalent Material Steel
AISI O1 Tool Steel Heat Treating & Properties Steel
AISI S7 Tool Steel Properties, S7 Material Heat Treating Hardness Steel
AISI SAE 8620 Steel Properties, Chemical Composition, Equivalent, Heat Treatment Steel
ASTM A307 Bolts Grade A, B, Gr 307A Threaded Rod Tensile Yield Strength Steel
ASTM A325 Bolts Dimensions Chart, Strength, Grade A325 Structural Bolt Sizes Steel
ASTM A36 Steel Properties, Modulus of Elasticity, Yield Strength, Material Density, Hardness & Equivalent Steel
ASTM A572 Grade 50 Steel Equivalent, Gr 65, 60 Properties, Tensile Yield Strength Steel
ASTM SAE AISI 1018 Carbon Steel Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties Steel
ASTM SAE AISI 1045 Carbon Steel Heat Treatment, Chemical Composition, Properties Steel
ASTM SAE AISI 52100 Steel Properties, Composition, Equivalent Steel
China 45 Steel Equivalent, Mechanical Properties & Chemical Composition Steel
D2 Tool Steel Hardness, D2 Metal Heat Treatment & Properties Steel
DIN 1.2343 (X37CrMoV5-1) Warmarbeitsstahl — Äquivalente und Eigenschaften Steel
DIN 1.3505 (100Cr6) Wälzlagerstahl — Äquivalente, Zusammensetzung, Härte Steel
DIN EN 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12) Kaltarbeitsstahl — Datenblatt und Eigenschaften Steel
EN10025 S275 Steel S275JR Properties, Equivalent, Meaning, S275J2 Mild Steel S275J0 Steel
EN 1.0117 Baustahl S235J2 — Datenblatt, Äquivalente, Eigenschaften Steel
EN 1.0122 — S235JRC+C, S235JR+AR, S235JR+N: Bedeutung der Kurzzeichen Steel
EN 10130 DC01 (Werkstoff 1.0330+ZE) — Datenblatt, Äquivalente, Eigenschaften Steel
EN 1.0503 Vergütungsstahl C45 — Äquivalente, Eigenschaften, Zusammensetzung Steel
EN 1.4125 (X105CrMo17) — Zusammensetzung, Eigenschaften, Äquivalente Steel
EN 1.7131 Einsatzstahl 16MnCr5 — Werkstoff, Zusammensetzung, Eigenschaften Steel
En24 Steel Properties BS970 817M40 En24T Material Equivalent, Tempering, Strength & Hardness Steel
EN8 Steel Properties BS970 080M40 Equivalent Material Tensile Yield Strength Steel
GCr15 Steel Equivalent, Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties Steel
GCr15 vs 52100, 100Cr6 and SUJ2 Bearing Steel Grades Steel
Grade 20Cr Steel Composition, Properties, Material Equivalent Steel
Grade 65Mn Steel High Carbon Spring Steel Properties, Specification, Equivalent Steel
H13 Tool Steel Properties, Material Hardness Range & Equivalent Steel
JIS G3101 SS400 Steel Equivalent Material Properties Specification Composition Density Strength Steel
Werkstoff S355 — Eigenschaften, äquivalente Güten, EN 10025-2 Steel
Q195 Steel Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties, Specification and Equivalent Steel
Q195 vs Q215, Q235 and Q275 Steel Steel
Q215 Steel, Q215A, Q215B Chemical Composition, Properties & Equivalent Steel
Q235 Steel Q235A Q235B Q235C Q235D Equivalent, Properties, Specification, Composition Steel
Q275 Steel Chemical Composition, Properties & Equivalent Steel
Q345 Steel: Q345A Q345B Q345C Q345D Q345E Equivalent & Properties Steel
Q355 Steel: Q355B Q355C Q355D Properties & Equivalent Steel
Q390 Steel Properties, Chemical Composition & Equivalent Steel
Q420 Steel Chemical Composition, Properties, Specifications & Equivalent Steel
Q460 Steel Chemical Composition, Specifications, Properties & Equivalent Steel
Q690 Steel, Q690C Q690D Q690E Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties Steel
S235J0 (Werkstoff EN 1.0114) — Datenblatt, Eigenschaften, Bedeutung Steel
S235JR (Werkstoff 1.0038) — Äquivalente, Eigenschaften, Zusammensetzung Steel
S235 Baustahl — Eigenschaften und äquivalente Werkstoffe Steel
S355J2 (Werkstoff 1.0577) — Eigenschaften und Äquivalente Steel
S355JR (Werkstoff 1.0045) — Eigenschaften und Äquivalente Steel
S355MC (Werkstoff 1.0976) — Eigenschaften und Äquivalente Steel
SAE AISI 1020 Steel Properties, C1020 Carbon Steel Yield Strength, Equivalent Steel
SAE AISI 1095 Steel, High Carbon Steel Heat Treat, Properties & Hardness Steel
SAE AISI 4130 Chromoly Steel, Alloy Material Properties, Chemical Composition Steel
SAE AISI 4140 Steel Properties, Material Heat Treatment, Rockwell Hardness Steel
SAE AISI 4340 Steel Properties, Heat Treatment, Equivalent, Hardness Chart, Density, Machinability Steel
SAE AISI 5160 Steel, High Carbon 5160 Spring Steel Properties, Composition Steel
Werkstoff 1.0037 — St37-2 nach DIN 17100, Äquivalente und Eigenschaften Steel
SKD10 Material SKD11 Steel Properties & Equivalent Steel
SUJ2 Steel Equivalent, Composition, Properties, Hardness Steel
Surface Finish: 1U 1C 1E 1D 1X 1G 2A 2H 2C 2D 2E 2B 2G 2P 2R 2Q Steel
T10 Tool Steel Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties & Equivalent Steel
T7 Tool Steel, T7A Chemical Composition, Properties & Equivalent Steel
W1 Tool Steel Properties, Composition, Heat Treatment Steel
42CrMo, 4140 und 42CrMo4 (EN 1.7225) im Vergleich Steel
DIN EN 1.2842 (90MnCrV8) Kaltarbeitsstahl — Äquivalente, Datenblatt, Zusammensetzung Steel
Q235 im Vergleich zu A36, SS400, E250 und S235JR (Q235A/B/C/D) Steel
SAE AISI 1080 Steel Properties Heat Treatment Composition Rockwell Hardness Steel

Häufig gestellte Fragen

What alloys are used in structural steel?
AlloyFYI lists 80 alloys suitable for structural steel, rated by suitability. Alloys rolled into beams, columns, and load-bearing frameworks for buildings and bridges. Structural steel must meet minimum yield strength requirements while maintaining ductility for seismic resista
What industry does structural steel belong to?
Structural Steel falls under the Construction industry sector.
How are alloys rated for structural steel?
Each alloy receives a suitability rating from 1 to 5 stars based on its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and real-world performance in structural steel applications.